Flann Adag O'Brolchain
Flann Adag Ó Brolcháin, born on May 29, 1729, in Donegal, Ireland, and passing on April 3, 1788, in Londonderry, Northern Ireland, was an early ancestor of the American Ua Bhrolchan/Bradley family. He married twice: first to Margaret O’Flynn before 1753 in Ireland, with whom he had several children, including Charles Bradley, later an immigrant ancestor in Pennsylvania. His second marriage was to Lady Catherine Marie O'Trehy, born March 3, 1732, at Balloch Castle, Castle Glenorchy, Lochtayside, Perthshire, Scotland, and who died on August 9, 1798, in Devon, Londonderry, Northern Ireland. The O'Brolcháin family, rooted in Ireland, established a notable presence in Pennsylvania, with their eldest son, Major Charles Bradley, serving as a Revolutionary War veteran alongside Captain Michael McGuire.
He died in what was then known as McGuire's Settlement, now Loretto, Cambria County, Pennsylvania. The family’s history is rich with genealogical records and ties to significant historical figures from both the O'Brolcháin and Bradley lineages.
The Family's Y-DNA Testing and the family line within this.
The Family detailed haplogroup path is:
R-M207>M173>M343>L754>L761>L389>P297> M269> L23>L51>P310>L151>P312>Z290>L21>S552>DF13>Z39589>DF49>Z2980>Z2976>
DF23>Z2961>Z2956>Z2965> M222>Z2959> BY35297>FGC4077>FGC4078>A725>BY158231>BY157732> FTG10651
R-Z2959 is a Y-DNA haplogroup that forms a branch within R-M222, which itself is a subclade of the broader R1b-M269 paternal lineage
prominent in northwestern Europe. This haplogroup has deep roots in Ireland, and its historical and genealogical associations link it closely to notable Irish royal dynasties.
Key Highlights of R-Z2959 in Ireland
- Descent and Temporal Origin
- The R-Z2959 paternal line branched from R-M222 around 150 BCE, with the most recent common ancestor estimated to have been
born at approximately 50 BCE. This lineage has diversified into at least six descendant subclades, with documented modern descendants
primarily in Ireland and Northern Ireland.
- Connection to Niall of the Nine Hostages
- Genetic studies indicate that haplogroup R-M222, the parent line of R-Z2959, corresponds strongly to the male-line descendants of Niall of the Nine Hostages, a legendary 5th-century King of Tara in northwestern Ireland.
- Niall established a dynasty of powerful chieftains, the Uí Néill, whose male-line descendants dominated Irish political life for centuries.
Estimates suggest that 1 in 12 men in Ireland carries this paternal lineage.
- Geographic Concentration
- Modern testing shows R-Z2959 occurs prominently in Ireland, with notable populations in Northern Ireland and regions historically
associated with Uí Néill territories.
-
- Its spread also reaches Scotland and parts of Ulster, reflecting historical migrations and Gaelic clan dispersion.
- Association with Gaelic Royal Dynasties
- The Uí Néill dynasty, central to Irish high kingship between the 7th and 11th centuries, is the primary historical lineage associated with
R-Z2959.
-
- While R-Z2959 is a sub-branch of R-M222, its bearers are believed to descend from some lineages of powerful chieftains who may
have been kings of smaller Gaelic territories loyal to the High King of Ireland.
-
- Other royal Gaelic families, including branches of the O’Neill clans, may carry related mutations within this haplogroup.
- Broader Cultural and Historical Impact
- Due to its dominance among male descendants in northwestern Ireland, R-Z2959 provides insight into Gaelic societal structures,
where high-status families could generate numerous descendants, thus amplifying the spread of their paternal line.
-
- Although exact historical names of individual R-Z2959 bearers are challenging to map, the haplogroup is intertwined with the power
structures that produced regional kings, high kings, and influential chieftains in early medieval Ireland.
Summary Table
Feature Details Haplogroup R-Z2959 (subclade of R-M222, R1b-M269)Time of MRCA~50 BCE Notable Historical Association Uí Néill dynasty,
descendants of Niall of the Nine Hostages Geographic Spread Ireland (esp. Ulster), Northern Ireland, parts of Scotland Historical Role Paternal
line of minor kings and chieftains in Gaelic Ireland, high royal influence within the region.
Conclusion
R-Z2959 is principally linked to Ireland’s Gaelic royal and noble houses, most notably through the Uí Néill dynasty, descendants of the
legendary Niall of the Nine Hostages, and likely other affiliated chieftain lineages. Its presence today is predominantly in Ireland and
Northern Ireland reflects the historical significance and proliferation of these royal lines in medieval Gaelic society. Modern genetic testing of
R-Z2959 descendants confirm this enduring connection between paternal lineages and Irish royal heritage.
Influence on Irish Clans
Dál Cuinn and Related Septs
- Descendants of R-Z2959 include R-S568, often associated with the descendants of Art Chirp and the Fothairt, traditionally believed to be
connected to brothers of Conn Cétchathach.
- Y-DNA testing suggests that while some historical genealogies link families like the O’Nolans to “Conn of the Hundred Battles,” the genetic
evidence indicates that the S568+ branch dates from around 1 BCE to 100 CE, which predates Conn’s estimated era (125–150 CE).
Therefore, the R-S568 lineage is unlikely to descend directly from Conn’s siblings
2). - Multiple R-S568 lineages exist among Irish families, including the Dunns, Daltons, and Swords, showing that Irish septs historically
believed to share a common royal ancestor actually possess distinct patrilineal origins.
-
2 Sources
Nolan's (O Nuallains) and the Connachta
- The Carlow Nolans trace their ancestry to Eochaidh Fionn Fuathairt, a 2nd-century Irish prince exiled from Tara.
Modern Y-DNA results show that many Nolans test positive for R-Z2959, most notably its R-S568 subclade
- R-Z2959 in Nolans supports annalistic traditions linking them to the Connachta tribal grouping, which historically dominated
northwestern Ireland and parts of Leinster. Some genealogical interpretations also tentatively connect the lineage to early High Kings
like Tuathal Techtmar, though exact matches are probabilistic.
-
1 Source
Other Clan Implications
- Beyond Nolans, R-Z2959 and its subclades are detected in Irish Fothairt families and other septs historically connected to
Leinster and Ulster. This illustrates the broader demographic and genetic continuity within Irish clans, especially for families of
early Iron Age Gaelic origin
-
2 Sources
Reassessing Historical Genealogies
- Chronology vs. Legend: R-Z2959 provides empirical chronological anchors for medieval genealogies, showing that some traditional claims
(e.g., direct descent from Conn Cétchathach) are inconsistent with patrilineal haplotypes.
- DASTs vs. CASTs: Modern Y-DNA analyses, including DNA -Associated Surname Trees (DASTs), allow researchers to refine or challenge
Irish historical genealogical records (CASTs). For R-Z2959, this method illustrates how genetic data validates certain lineages
(e.g., Nolans of Carlow) while disputing others (claims linking distant septs to famous High Kings)
- 1 Source
Summary
- R-Z2959 is a critical haplogroup for understanding early Irish paternal lineages, emerging around 50 BCE from the R-M222 lineage.
- It has direct influence on clans such as the O Nuallains (Nolans), Fothairt families, and subgroups historically linked to Leinster and Ulster.
- Modern genetic research revises or confirms ancient genealogical claims, illustrating the separation between mytho-historical pedigrees
and patrilineal genetic reality.
- Its study enhances comprehension of the Connachta tribal grouping and the genetic landscape of early and medieval Ireland.
References
- FamilyTreeDNA, Discover - Y-DNA Haplogroup R-Z2959. https://discover.familytreedna.com/y-dna/R-Z2959/
- yTree.net, Big Tree: Information for Z2959. https://www.ytree.net/BlockInfo.php?blockID=7054
- Tibor Féher, High Resolution Paternal Genetic History of Ireland and its Implications for Demographic History, EMANIA Bulletin 26 (2023). https://www.academia.edu/107278216/High_Resolution_Paternal_Genetic_History_of_Ireland_and_its
- Genelach Network, R-S568 descendants of Conn of Hundred Battles' brother. https://genelach.network/forum/viewtopic.php?t=806
- NolanFamilies.org, Y-DNA & Nolan Lineages. https://nolanfamilies.org/research-articles/y-dna-nolan-lineages/
- FamilyTreeDNA Blog, DASTs, CASTs, and the Quest to Reclaim Lost Irish Clans. https://blog.familytreedna.com/dast-cast-irish-surname-dna/
Connections between R-Z2959 and Irish surnames
Overview of R-Z2959
R-Z2959 is a Y-DNA haplogroup within the broader R1b-M222 lineage. According to FamilyTreeDNA and associated genealogical data:
- Origin: The lineage split from R-M222 and the rest of mankind around 150 BCE, with the most recent common ancestor (MRCA)
of R-Z2959 estimated around 50 BCE.
- Descendant Subclades: Major downstream branches include R-S568, R-S658, R-BY11739, R-BY35297, R-BY158231, R-BY205747,
and R-BY97599.
- Geographic Distribution: Modern carriers are concentrated in Ireland (approx. 2,641 testers, 12% frequency), Northern Ireland, Scotland, and other countries.
The phylogenetic path leading to R-Z2959 is as follows:
R−M207>M173>M343>L754>L761>L389>DF23>Z2961>Z2956>M222>Z2959
Historical and Irish Context
R-Z2959 is part of the Irish M222 lineage historically associated with northwestern Irish populations (Ulster and surrounding regions).
While R-M222 includes the Irish Modal Haplotype (IMH) of ancient aristocratic lineages like the descendants of Niall of the Nine Hostages,
R-Z2959 specifically forms a subbranch with its own MRCA around 50 BCE.
R-S568 Connection
- R-S568 is a direct descendant of R-Z2959, with the branch forming around 1 BCE.
- S568 has been historically linked to certain Irish families, including:
- O'Dunns/Dunns: Evidence suggests a connection to Art Chirp of the Fothairt lineage in Irish genealogical tradition.
- Dalton families (Co. Westmeath): Closely related to the Dunns, also falling under S568.
- Some swords or warrior lineages also show S568 affiliation, but precise genealogical details are limited.
Other Potential Irish Surnames
- The R-Z2959 cluster encompasses sub-branches like R-BY158231, R-BY35297 and R-BY11739, which are
present in Ireland in small frequencies.
- These branches may include smaller, documented Irish surnames, but current public Y-DNA databases report few high-confidence associations apart from families on the S568 branch.
Temporal Considerations
- The formation of R-Z2959 (~50 BCE) predates several historical Irish figures often cited in genealogical traditions
(e.g., Conn of the Hundred Battles, circa 125–150 CE). Therefore, claims of descent from these kings must be interpreted cautiously,
as many are retrospective attributions based on medieval genealogies rather than confirmed patrilineal descent.
Summary Table of Connections
Haplogroup Formation MRCA Notable Irish associations Comments R-Z2959 150–50 BCE 50 BCE Ancestral node leading to R-S568, R-BY158231, R-BY35297, Ancient
Northwestern Irish lineages; relates to pre-historic tribal families R-S568 ~1 BCE
to 100 CE O'Dunn/Dunns, Daltons Linked to the Fothairt lines; may overlap
with Ui Failge ancestors R-BY35297 50CE Limited Irish surnames recorded Minor
descendant branch under R-Z2959
Conclusion
Haplogroup R-Z2959 serves as an ancient paternal lineage in Ireland, forming a critical ancestral node within the broader R-M222 tree.
Its most notable modern Irish surname associations are mediated through the R-S568 branch, connecting families like Dunns and Daltons,
sometimes tied to the Fothairt tribal traditions. While the full spectrum of surnames under R-Z2959 is not fully mapped, its prominence in
northwestern Ireland suggests a legacy within early Gaelic lineages, predating medieval tribal consolidations.
1. Historical Background of the Ui Brolchan
The Ui Brolchan (also spelled Brolchan or Brolcháin) were an Irish clan originally located in southern Tyrone and later in Counties Donegal
and Derry. They were a branch of the Kinel Feradaigh, later associated with ecclesiastical prominence, producing several notable
clerics during the Middle Ages, such as Máel-Ísu Ua Brolcháin (d. 1086) who held positions of scholarship and monastic leadership in
Armagh and Lismore. The family's lineage traces mytho-historically back to Milesius of Spain, through Heremon and the Northern and Southern Hy Nials, making them part of broader Gaelic royal narratives. Their historical territorial holdings were primarily near Derry,
reflecting the movement and settlement patterns of early Irish clans.
2. Overview of Haplogroup R-Z2959
- Haplogroup R-Z2959 is a Y-DNA haplogroup, a branch of R-M222, representing a direct paternal line.
- Originated around 50 BCE as a split from R-M222.
- It contains sublineages such as R-S568, R-S658, R-BY11739, R-BY35297, R-BY205747, R-BY158231, and R-BY97599.
- Present-day distributions include Ireland, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Isle of Man, and globally via diaspora.
- The haplogroup is associated with patrilineal descent, allowing modern testing to trace specific male lineages to ancient ancestors (FamilyTreeDNA, 2024).
3. Genetic Context: Connection to Irish Clans
- Within the historical Irish context, Y-DNA haplogroups often correlate with ancient familial or tribal lines.
- Studies of surnames in Ireland reveal that certain surnames or clans, particularly those with long residence in Ulster or Leinster, often map
to R-M222 - derived lineages like R-Z2959.
- The Ui Brolchan, centered in Ulster and Tyrone/Derry, potentially share a connection to the R-M222 and R-Z2959 Y-DNA pool,
as these regions historically exhibit a concentration of M222-derived lineages among Gaelic clans.
4. Specific Evidence and Ambiguities
- There is documented Y-DNA test publicly linking the Ui Brolchan surname to R-Z2959.
Historical sources emphasize ecclesiastical roles rather than patrilineal succession in secular lines.
- By contrast, R-Z2959 is definitively documented in Irish families with surnames such as those descending from the Ui Failge,
certain Fothairt groups, and other early medieval septs (Genelach, 2023).
- The branching to R-BY97599 indicates that R-Z2959 had multiple descendant lines, some of which may have included Gaelic families
of Ulster origin, potentially overlapping temporally with Ui Brolchan clan members.
5. Temporal and Geographical Alignment
- Ui Brolchan prominence: Early medieval period (6th–12th centuries) in Ulster.
- R-Z2959 MRCA: Circa 50 BCE, branching further 100 BCE–100 CE into subclades.
- Geographic overlap in north Ireland (Donegal, Tyrone) makes it plausible that some Ui Brolchan patrilineal lines could have carried
R-Z2959 or one of its subclades, 'though documented proof via Y-DNA testing is lacking.'
6. Summary of Connections and Limitations
- Plausible Connection: Ui Brolchan male lineages from Tyrone/Derry region may share ancestry with the R-Z2959 haplogroup
due to geographic and temporal alignment with verified M222/R-Z2959 Irish lineages.
- Evidence Gap: Y-DNA study explicitly confirms the Ui Brolchan surname belongs to R-Z2959; most historical accounts focus
on ecclesiastical roles, not patrilineal descent.
- Genetic Mechanism: If a Ui Brolchan male line carried R-Z2959, it would reflect a branch of the M222 paternal lineage,
shared among various Gaelic septs of Ulster. Which we now know it does.
- Sub lineages: Any potential descendants may fall under known R-Z2959 subclades, such as R-S568, R-BY158231, or R-BY97599.
Conclusion
While direct DNA confirmation currently, the Ui Brolchan clan geographically and temporally aligns with populations carrying
Haplogroup R-Z2959 in northern Ireland. Therefore, it is plausible that some male-line descendants of the Ui Brolchan could belong to this
haplogroup or one of its subclades, representing an intersection of historical Gaelic history and patrilineal genetic lineages.
References
- FamilyTreeDNA. “Discover – Y-DNA Haplogroup R-Z2959.” 2024.
- Library Ireland. “Brolchan Family – A Genealogical History of Irish Families.” 2025.
- Genelach Network. “S568+ descendants of Conn of Hundred Battles brother.” 2023.
- Dictionary of Irish Biography. “Ua Brolcháin, Máel-Ísu.” 1986–2005.
- Fitzpatrick, I. & Fitzpatrick, R. “Historical Genetics of Irish Gaelic Clans.” 2020.